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Description:

**Banking** is a crucial component of the financial system that involves accepting deposits from the public, safeguarding money, and providing loans and credit to individuals, businesses, and governments. Banks play a pivotal role in mobilizing savings and channeling them into productive investments. They offer a variety of services such as savings and current accounts, fixed deposits, personal and business loans, debit and credit cards, and digital banking facilities. Through these services, banks support economic growth, maintain financial stability, and facilitate the smooth flow of funds in the economy.

The subject of banking also covers the regulatory framework, types of banks (commercial, cooperative, investment, and central banks), and key functions like money creation, risk management, and financial intermediation. With the rise of technology, modern banking includes innovations such as internet banking, mobile banking, digital wallets, and blockchain-based transactions. Students studying banking gain insights into the monetary system, interest rate policies, credit appraisal, non-performing assets (NPAs), and financial inclusion. This knowledge is essential for careers in financial services, banking operations, regulatory bodies, and economic policy-making.